In combustible construction, what can be installed in hollow walls, floors, ceilings, and crawl spaces to prevent or limit the spread of fire?

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In combustible construction, keeping fire from racing through concealed hollow spaces is essential for compartmentalization. Hollow walls, floors, ceilings, and crawl spaces can act like chimneys, letting flames and smoke travel quickly between areas. Fire stops are the dedicated barriers placed into those cavities to interrupt that path. They are made from fire-resistant materials and systems that resist heat, seal gaps around penetrations, and fill the voids so the fire front can’t easily spread through the hollow spaces. By creating a break in the cavity, they slow or stop the vertical and horizontal spread of fire and give occupants more time to escape and firefighters a better chance to control the blaze. Gypsum board is a finish that can contribute to overall fire resistance when used as part of a rated assembly, but it does not by itself seal or block fire spread within hollow cavities. Asbestos insulation is hazardous and not used today for fire stopping due to health risks and regulations; modern practice relies on approved fire-stop products and systems.